The SIP School

The SSCA® SIP training program

Conquest Communications has teamed up with the SIP School to offer you this great course.
From VOCALE, located in Great Britain.

When you purchase this course you can receive a 5% discount.
Email me at tutor@conquest.com.au and request your discount code.


Pre-requiste Knowledge

If your have an IT background you will easily handle the terminolgy and concepts in this course. If you do not have a strong background in IT please complete the LANs WANs and VoIP course first. SSCA SIP Training alone is $375 USD or with Certification Test is $451.25 USD. Consider buying the two courses together, LANs WANs and VoIP plus SSCA SIP Training and Certification Test for $773.10 USD as a bundle and save some money. Your 5% discount still aplies so contact me for your discount code.

Overview

The SIP School™ is ‘the’ place to learn all about the Session Initiation Protocol also known as SIP. There is so much information on the internet about SIP that is both hard to read and poorly presented making it difficult for people to learn about this most important protocol. So The SIP School™ with its lively, clear and fully animated eLearning program has become the only place to enroll to learn about SIP.

Who would benefit from the SSCA® SIP training program?

This training is designed to suit anyone working with SIP such as: Manufacturers of IP PBX and IP Phone equipment, SIP Security equipment manufacturers, SIP Trunk service providers and Carriers, Network Design specialists, Sales and Marketing personnel working with VoIP equipment and services; all of these will benefit from this program.

What’s in the SSCA® SIP training program?

Once you’ve enrolled with you’ll see nine modules. You can work through the modules in order or simply choose the ones you are most interested in. The modules are listed here but for more detail, please look further into this document.

Click on a topic to see the details.
  1. Core SIP
  2. Wireshark
  3. SIP-T and the PSTN
  4. SIP, VoIP and QoS
  5. SIP Security
  6. Firewalls, NAT and Session Border Controllers
  7. SIP Trunking
  8. Testing, Troubleshooting and Interoperability
  9. ENUM and DNS
  10. SIP and Unified Communications
How long will it take to work through?

Total Running time for this program (including time taken to work on all the labs) is approximately 17¾ hours from the start to finish though the time will vary based on the student’s own experience and of course, how much time they want to spend on the material and if they want to replay some modules. This does not include study time for the SSCA® or the taking of the SSCA® final test itself.

Become a ‘SIP School Certified Associate’ or SSCA®

You can gain access to the test separately or with a ‘bundle’ license – check license ‘purchase’ options carefully. The SSCA® certification is recognized in the Telecommunications world as the only certification on SIP to strive for ‘Globally’. It is endorsed and supported by the TIA (Telecoms Industry Association) along with BICSI and a rapidly growing number of Manufacturers, Service providers and Carriers.

To prepare for the certification test, each SIP training module has its own ‘mini’ quiz at the end to help delegates ‘gauge’ how well they are doing.

Core SIP

Module times

 

Running time = 66 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Total = 73 minutes

 

SIP (The Session Initiation Protocol) is described in this module along with the many other Components and Services that will be encountered on a SIP based network

Topics:

SIP – Who Benefits

 

SIP – The Session Initiation Protocol

 

SIP ‘Official Summary’

 

Based on HTML

 

Where does SIP fit in?

 

SIP Clients and Servers

 

SIP User Agents

 

Simple Call Session Setup

 

SIP System Architecture

 

The URI - Unique Resource Identifier

 

SIP Addressing

 

SIP Addressing Examples


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SIP Servers and Operation

 

Registration

 

Re-Registration

 

SIP Proxy servers and why we need them

 

SIP Server – Proxy Mode

 

SIP Server – Re-Direct Mode

 

Proxy Server ‘State’ types

 

Location Services

 

Registration

 

Re-Registration

 

DHCP and SIP

 

SIP Proxy – Trapezoid Model

 

SIP Server in Proxy Mode

 

SIP Server in Proxy Redirect Mode

 

Stateful and Stateless Proxies

 

Location Server

 

Location Server – Components

 

Location Server – Information Sources

 

Location Server – Example


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SIP Messaging

 

Request Methods

 

Response Codes

 

SIP Headers

 

INVITE – Example

 

RESPONSE – Example

 

SIP Request Methods

 

SIP Response Codes

 

SIP Headers

 

SIP HEADER - INVITE

 

SIP HEADER - 200 Response


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SDP – the Session Description Protocol

 

SDP – The Session Description Protocol

 

SDP in a SIP Message

 

An SDP Example

 

Extending SDP

 

Changing Session Parameters

 

Call Hold example

 

Multiple ‘m’ lines

 

SDP – The Session Description Protocol

 

SDP Component in a SIP Message

 

SDP Example

 

Extending SDP

 

Changing Session Parameters

 

SDP Example - Put a call on Hold

 

SDP Example - Call Hold Trace

 

 

Call Hold – Old and New Methods

 

Music on Hold example

 

INVITE and reINVITE


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SIP Mobility

 

SIP Mobility

 

SIP Call Forking - Parallel

 

SIP Call Forking - Sequential

 

Call legs, dialogs and Call IDs

 

Dialog trace example

 

Dialogs and Transactions

 

Branch Ids

 

Call Forward - No Answer

 

Call Forward to Voicemail


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More on Proxies and SIP Routing

 

Stateless Proxy

 

Stateful Proxy

 

More Proxy information

 

VIA and Record Route

 

VIA Details

 

Record-Route Defined

 

Record Route Example

 

Session Policies


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MIME

 

MIME

 

Multiple MIME parts


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SIP and the PSTN

 

SIP and the PSTN

 

SIP to PSTN Call Flow

 

SIP to PSTN Detail

 

SIP Codes and the PSTN


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SIP and B2BUA

 

B2BUA - Back to Back User Agent

 

B2BUA Example

 

B2BUA Benefits and Features


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SIP Summary

 

Request for Comments

 

New RFCs

 

SIPIT

 

The Call Process

 

Wireshark

Module times

 

Running time = 10 minutes

 

Quizzes = 1 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Various’ ~ approx 80 minutes

 

Total = 91 minutes

 

Note: If the student wishes to take more time over the module – this could run to a few hours of learning. It’s completely dependent on the students desire to learn Wireshark

 

This module on Wireshark is an introduction and is intended to get students setup quickly so that they can capture traffic to analyze during the Core module and the rest of the course. More advanced Wireshark training can be found in the Troubleshooting, Testing and Interoperability module of this course.

Topics:

Wireshark

 

What is Wireshark?

 

Your Initial Setup

 

SIP account with Voipuser.org

 

X-lite client for testing

 

Configure X-Lite

 

Download Wireshark

 

Wireshark – Basic Layout

 

Wireshark icons

 

Using Wireshark – Capturing

 

Using Wireshark – Simple Filters

 

Using Wireshark – More SIP statistics

 

Using Wireshark – RTP Statistics

 

Saving Captures

 

Over to you!

 

What are the codes?

 

Link to Troubleshooting module for Advanced Wireshark


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SIP-T and the PSTN

Module times

 

Running time = 25 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Total = 32 minutes

 

SIP Networks will of course have to allow connections to and from the PSTN. This module works through SIP and PSTN connectivity

Topics:

SIP-T and the PSTN

 

SIP to PSTN Overview

 

SIP to PSTN Call Flow

 

SIP to PSTN Detail

 

PSTN to SIP Call Flow

 

SIP to PSTN Call Failure

 

SIP to PSTN Call trace

 

Early Media

 

Early Media - SIP to PSTN Call

 

Early Offer and Delayed Offer

 

Early Offer / Delayed Offer

 

Gateways

 

Default Gateway?

 

Gateway Location and Routing with TRIP

 

TRIP Examples

 

SIP-T and PSTN Bridging

 

SIP-T

 

SS7, ISDN and SIP

 

ISUP and SIP Messages

 

ISDN User Part (ISUP) to SIP Codes

 

PSTN to PSTN via SIP

 

ISUP Encapsulation

 

ISUP Encapsulation / SDP

 

Addressing Notes

 

SIP and DTMF

 

DTMF - Quick Re-Cap

 

What is DTMF?

 

DTMF Transport methods

 

DTMF ‘Inband

 

RFC 2833 ‘Trace’ example

 

RFC 4733 replaces 2833

 

SIP INFO ‘Trace’ example


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SIP, VoIP and QoS


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Module times

 

Running time = 37 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Various’ ~ approx 10 minutes

 

Total = 54 minutes

 

This module is a refresher module on the basics of Voice over IP and also focuses on components that are important to a SIP based Network

Topics:

What is VoIP or Voice over IP?

 

What is VoIP?

 

What is Voice over IP?

 

VoIP – ‘A Basic Call’

 

VoIP and TCP / UDP

 

VoIP over the Internet

 

Branch to Branch VoIP

 

IP PBX

 

Voice Sampling and Codec

 

Encoding

 

Codecs for Voice

 

Try the Codec Test

 

High Definition (HD) Voice

 

Sound tests

 

Wideband (HD) codecs

 

MOS – Mean Opinion scores

 

The Real time Protocol or RTP

 

RTP Encapsulation

 

RTP Header Trace

 

Real Time Control Protocol

 

RTCP-XR (Extended Reports)

 

RTP / RTCP and UDP Ports

 

Quality of Service

 

QoS Issues

 

Measuring Delay

 

Jitter and Packet Loss

 

General VoIP Acceptance Criteria

 

QoS on the Network

 

802.1Q – VLANs

 

802.1Q/P Tagging

 

802.1P - L2 Classification

 

TOS and DiffServe

 

Layer 3 Classification

 

Codecs and Bandwidth

 

Symmetric DSL (SDSL)

 

Testing your link

 

SIP, SDP and VoIP

 

SIP in the TCP/IP Model

 

SIP and SDP Messages

 

SIP and SDP Codec mapping

 

Where does SIP fit in?

 

SIP, SDP and VoIP INVITE

 

Audio and Video in the SDP body


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SIP Security

Module times

 

Running time = 38 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Various’ ~ approx 120 minutes

 

Total = 165 minutes

 

SIP Security is a complex issue and this modules covers many SIP Security problems along with possible solutions

Topics:

Authentication and Authorization

 

SIP Proxy Authentication

 

401 and 407 Authorization

 

SIP Authorization

 

PROXY Authentication

 

SSL with MD5 Cracked!

 

MD5 v SHA

 

Encryption

 

Why Encrypt SIP?

 

Certificates and HTTPS

 

Certificate Authorities

 

Certificate Example

 

Self-Signed Certificates

 

Format type

 

Securing SIP and VoIP

 

SSL and TLS

 

SIP and TLS

 

TLS Thoughts

 

TLS and SIP in Action

 

SIPS and SIP Addressing

 

Secure RTP (SRTP)

 

Setting SRTP on SIP Devices

 

Secure RTP (SRTP) - Example

 

SRTP and SRTCP

 

sdes and the Crypto attribute

 

Crypto attribute example

 

Crypto multiple streams

 

RFC 4474 for Caller Identity

 

Caller Identity

 

DTLS/SRTP

 

S/MIME and SIP

 

MIME and ISUP

 

SIP Trunking and Security

 

Enhancing SIP Trunk Security

 

Alternatives - IPSec, ZRTP

 

Attacks and Responses

 

Types of Attack on a VoIP/SIP Network

 

Responses and Protection

 

TLS v SSL

 

Response Identity – A Problem!

 

Rogue SIP Proxy

 

Phishing and SIP exploit

 

More Examples RFC 4475

 

Try for yourself with recommended software tools

 

NIST Recommendations

 

NIST Recommendations on securing VoIP


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Firewalls, NAT and Session Border Controllers

Module times

 

Running time = 32 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Total = 39 minutes

 

Inevitably, all IP traffic comes across a Firewall / NAT device and in the case of SIP they can stop the flow of SIP message. This module looks at the problems and the solutions including Session border controllers.

Topics:

Overview

 

Issues to address

 

Firewalls

 

What does a Firewall do?

 

Are Firewalls effective?

 

NAT or Network Address Translation

 

What is NAT?

 

NAT Request

 

NAT Response

 

Multiple NATs

 

The NAT Problem

 

Types of NAT

 

Types of NAT

 

NAT – Full Cone

 

NAT – Restricted Cone

 

NAT – Port Restricted Cone

 

NAT – Symmetric

 

The NAPT or (PAT) Problem

 

Problems with NAT, Firewalls and SIP

 

The Solutions

 

STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP)

 

STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP)

 

STUN and rport

 

Problems with STUN

 

TURN (Traversal Using Relay NAT)

 

Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE)

 

How ICE works – Simplified!

 

More on ICE

 

Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)

 

The RTP Problem

 

The Firewall Problem

 

Solving the RTP Problem

 

Symmetric RTP

 

Media Proxy

 

Application Level Gateway

 

SIP Aware Firewalls - Incoming

 

SIP Aware Firewalls - Outgoing

 

Session Border Controllers

 

SBC for the Enterprise

 

SBC for the ITSP

 

Recommended Session Border Controller features

 

SBCs in Action!


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SIP Trunking

Module times

 

Running time = 40 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Setting up SIP Trunks’ ~ approx 120 minutes

 

o (If student has access to a SIP server)

 

Total = 167 minutes

 

This module teaches the theory of connecting a SIP based PBX to the PSTN and it is the foundation of vendor specific Trunking modules.

Topics:

SIP Trunks

 

What is a SIP Trunk

 

Alternative to TDM

 

Separate Data and Voice connections

 

Converging the network

 

SIP Trunks and Codec

 

SIP Trunk Benefits

 

SIP Trunking – In More Depth

 

SIP Trunk Capabilities

 

SIP Trunking Network Examples

 

SIP Peering

 

Peering problems?

 

Least Cost routing (LCR)

 

Disaster Recovery

 

Disaster Recovery ‘Expanded detail’

 

Disaster Recovery – Last resort?

 

Trunking Variations

 

Single Site, TDM PBX

 

Single Site, No ‘Forklift’

 

Single Site, Converged

 

Converged – SIP/IP PBX

 

Multiple Site, ‘Converged’

 

Media Gateways

 

SIP PBX to Non-SIP PBX

 

SIP PBX to Non-SIP PBX, Call Flow

 

SIP Trunk Performance

 

The ADSL issue

 

Codecs, Voice and Data

 

Symmetric DSL (SDSL)

 

Bandwidth Calculator


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Testing your link

 

SIP Trunking and MPLS

 

MPLS, basic explanation

 

Your own VPLS

 

but ‘Not the only client’

 

Separate MPLS networks

 

Security and SIP Trunking

 

SIP Trunk Security - Overview

 

Session Border Controllers

 

Setting up a SIP Trunk

 

Add a VoIP Provider

 

Provider SIP Servers

 

Authentication

 

Stun and the Firewall test

 

Add a Dialling Rule

 

Trunk setup complete

 

Registration Trace

 

Call out Trace

 

Some PBX Requirements

 

Enterprise PSTN Identities

 

 

P-Preferred and P-Asserted

 

Call Progress Tones

 

Next Generation Networks

 

What are NGNs?

 

An Example – British Telecom

 

Troubleshooting and Interops

 

SIP Trunks and Common Problems

 

The SIP Forum

 

SIPits

 

SIPit Results

 

SIP Connect Document

 

SIP Connect ‘Missing pieces’

 

SIP Connect 1.1

 

Choosing an ITSP

 

Understanding ITSP Offerings

 

Resource Websites

 

TMCnet – Sip trunking

 

Siptrunk.org

 

No Jitter - Hotzone

 

Testing, Troubleshooting and Interoperability

Module times

 

Running time = 65 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Various’ ~ approx 240 minutes

 

Total = 312 minutes

 

Learn how to Monitor and Test SIP devices and services using Wireshark. This tool enables delegates to analyze call control messages to establish where a fault may lie in your SIP infrastructure. Full examples are provided and delegates are encouraged to follow the exercises to try for themselves.

Setting up your test environment

 

Using SIP IP Phones

 

Using SIP Softphones

 

Even more SIP Softphones

 

SIP Communicator

 

Choosing a ‘Trial/Test’ ITSP

 

Getting Free ITSP Accounts

 

Configuring your Softphone

 

Get a SIP URI of your own

 

SIP2SIP accounts

 

Configuring SIP Communicator with a SIP2SIP account

 

Using ‘Test Numbers’

 

Multiple Setup options for you to try

 

Configure X-Lite and SIP Communicator on the same PC for testing

 

Example - The SIP Phones @ The SIP School™

 

Wireshark

 

Loading Wireshark

 

Network interface setup for capture

 

Wireshark - Basic Layout

 

Understanding Wireshark Icons

 

Using Wireshark - Capturing

 

Using Wireshark – Simple Filters

 

Using Wireshark – SIP Statistics

 

Saving Captures

 

Wireshark in more depth!

 

SIP Statistics

 

RTP / VoIP Capture and Playback

 

More ‘SIP ladder’ analysis

 

Coloring rules

 

More ‘filter expressions’

 

More Help on Wireshark if you need it

 

You try

 

Where to Capture?

 

Interoperability Testing

 

Interop Testing

 

Why Interop can be tough

 

Different interpretations in the RFC 3261

 

BLISS – Basic Interoperability for SIP Services

 

Interop Test Scenario

 

Interop Test operations

 

Sample Interop Traces

 

Wireshark example videos to help understand interop issues

 

SIPIT events

 

Common SIP problems

 

Will it ever work?

 

What else can you do?

 

Common SIP/VoIP Problems

 

Troubleshooting SIP Trunks

 

4xx — Client Failure Responses

 

5xx — Server Failure Responses

 

6xx — Global Failure Responses

 

More SIP Testing Tools

 

SIP Scenario

 

SIP Workbench

 

SIP Monitoring example app

 

 

SIP Scan

 

TestYourVoIP.com

 

HoverIP

 

NSLookup

 

SIP Center and Voip-info for more tools!

 

Using the NET to find answers

 

The SIP Wiki


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ENUM and DNS

Module times

 

Running time = 32 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Lab – ‘Registering / Testing ENUM’ ~ approx 20 minutes

 

Total = 59 minutes

 

ENUM (along with DNS) is developing into an essential protocol on SIP networks and its purpose is to assist in finding destination SIP devices from a single SIP address.

Topics:

ENUM Explained

 

What is E.164?

 

What is ENUM?

 

Why ENUM?

 

Call Routing and ENUM - Example

 

Enum, DNS and Domains

 

Why are we using DNS?

 

DNS and the Web

 

The e164.arpa Domain

 

Approved ENUM Delegations

 

TIERS 0, 1, 2 and 3

 

TIERS and Registrars

 

DNS and AOR

 

e164.arpa Domain in action

 

Example - ENUM in the UK

 

Address of Record

 

Reseaux IP Europeens

 

PSTN to SIP UA - Example

 

The ENUM Query

 

NAPTR Records

 

DNS Response to an ENUM query

 

Calls Flows

 

PSTN to SIP UA – Example (2)

 

IP to PSTN (Simplified)

 

MARTINI

 

Types of ENUM

 

Different ‘Types’ of ENUM

 

The Problems with ‘Public’ ENUM

 

Example – ‘Private’ ENUM

 

Example – ‘Operator’ ENUM

 

Stay ‘On-Net

 

From ITSP to PSTN and Back…!

 

Peering Profiles and Agreements

 

A few providers

 

ViPR

 

Verification Involving PSTN Reachability (ViPR).

 

What is ViPR

 

ViPR and P2P

 

Initial PSTN Call

 

ViPR Call Record

 

Query the DHT

 

DHT query and Validation

 

The Next call is a SIP Call

 

ViPR Summary

 

Try for yourself

 

Register your number

 

Testing ENUM

 

ENUM and the future

 

How is ENUM moving forward?

 

Useful Links


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SIP and Unified Communications

Module times

 

Running time = 48 minutes

 

Quizzes = 7 minutes

 

Total = 55 minutes

 

SIP and Unified Communications shows you how SIP underpins all the elements of Unified Communications to realize efficiencies that a successful implementation promises to business.

Topics Include

Communication Breakdown

 

Playing Voicemail tag

 

Can’t find people

 

Available but not Available..!

 

More Examples of communication problems

 

IM Clients

 

IM Client Features

 

Enterprise Clients

 

More in IM Clients

 

IM and Mobile devices

 

The Background Stuff

 

The IMPP working group

 

IMPP and CPP

 

More IMPP work

 

SIMPLE

 

How it all works

 

Presentity

 

A Basic SIP subscription

 

Multiple Presence States

 

Presence and P2P

 

A Presence Network

 

Getting inside the SIP packets

 

Presentity and more!

 

A Basic SIP Subscription

 

Multiple Presence States

 

Presence and P2P

 

A Presence Network

 

Get inside the SIP packets

 

The Packet Structure

 

PIDF Message Body

 

XML

 

Tuples

 

Example Presence doc with Tuples (using a Mobile Phone)

 

Rich Presence

 

The METHODS in Action

 

PUBLISH STATE

 

PUBLISH and PIDF/XML body

 

SUBSCRIBE METHOD

 

202 OK Response

 

NOTIFY

 

MESSAGE

 

Add A Buddy/Subscribe

 

is-composing

 

Alternative ‘Presence States’

 

2 Places at the same time

 

Conferencing

 

What SIP does in Conferencing

 

INITIATE a conference

 

JOIN a conference

 

LEAVE / EXIT a conference

 

INVITE other participants

 

REFER conference server to invite or others to join

 

EXPEL participants

 

CONFIGURE the media stream

 

CONTROL a conference

 

Why SIP?

 

 

Centralized conferencing

 

Centralized Signaling

 

Centralized Mixing (optional)

 

Centralized Authentication

 

B2BUA (Discussed in core module)

 

Conference Components

 

The Focus

 

More than one Focus

 

Conference Setup

 

iscomposing in Conference

 

MESSAGE in conference

 

BYE in conference

 

Alternative INVITE

 

SDP BODY OF INVITE

 

IETF work and Conferencing

 

XMPP v SIMPLE

 

What is XMPP?

 

SIMPLE and/or XMPP

 

Gateways

 

Federations

 

What is Federation?

 

Multiple Presence sources

 

Super-Aggregation

 

Inter-Domain Federation

 

Unified Communications

 

What’s all the fuss?

 

Unified Confusion

 

Components involved

 

What should UC do?

 

21st Century Dial tone

 

The Unified inbox

 

Unified aware applications

 

Find me – Follow me

 

Device awareness

 

Unified Comms for Business

 

Do your Homework

 

Humans and UC

 

UC in a SIP network

 

UCI Forum

 

The UCI Forum - Challenges

 

UCI Forum goals

 

UCIF website

 

Relevant RFCs

 

RFCs Galore

 


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Please call me on 07-41596950 for an obligation free discussion. I am currently doing this training and am finding it to be good indeed. It is filling in many gaps I have as a self taught, self read student of the IP. In fact I bought the bundle training offer of Session Initiated Protocol and LANS/WANS and VoIP. I strongly recommend this training to you, regards Trevor.